Lithuanian version |
Prepared: Algis Rupainis
A Special Thanks To:
Voruta - Lithuanian Historical Weekly and
Vartiklis. for
permission to re-publish.
Lithuanian Website Design and Editing: Jonas Skendelis, [Lithuania], Volunteer, Lithuanian Global Resources
English Translation: Gintautas Kaminskas, [Australia] Volunteer, Lithuanian Global Resources
English Website Design and Editing: Sandra Souveskas [USA], Webmaster, Lithuanian Global Resources
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January 1, 1946
J. Luksa joins partisans and is placed in charge of the press section of TA “Gelezinis
Vilkas” [Iron Wolf] special team.
DP-133 TA
January 6, 1946
leader of A Command J. Vitkus (“Kazimieraitis” – “son of Kazimieras”) prepares an
instruction on "Drill training for partisans” and
guidelines for leaders of special teams on battle
training for partisans.
LKA 9-54 DA
January 6, 1946 (07)
Battle between TA Gelezinis Vilkas
[Iron Wolf] special team’s 3rd company and NKVD
forces in Marijampole district, Prienai county,
Cepeliskiai village. J. Morkunas (“Rambynas”) was
killed, as were 13 NKVD soldiers.
LBD-175, (219) TA
January 12, 1946
NKVD destroys A Command’s partisan
command post by the River Skroblas near the
village of Rudnia, Marcinkonys county, Alytus
district. They confiscated the command post’s diary
of activities.
LKA 9-5 DA
January 15-16, 1946
Soviet troops and stribai surround
the bunkers of M. Laurinenas’ [Mingaila’s] company
of the VA “Tigras” [Tiger] special team in the forest
of Mincia, near the village of Prusai, county of
Salakas, district of Zarasai. 23 partisans are killed,
2 arrested. The only ones to escape were the
injured M. Laurinenas himself and several of his fighters.
LKA 16-58 VA
January 25, 1946
Soviet troops attack the betrayed
partisans of P. Mykolaitis in the village of Peiksva,
district of Kedainiai. P. Planciunas and A.
Petrauskas killed; B. Karbocius manages to escape.
MK-65 VCA, PA
January 28, 1946
VCA partisans led by P. Blieka shoot 5
stribai and a militia chief from the city of Raguva,
district of Panevezys.
LKA 10-16 VCA
January 31, 1946
TA Stirna [Deer] special team is renamed Zalgiris [Grünwald] special team.
LKA 3-25 TA
Early 1946
Destruction of VCA command post.
Casualties: lieutenant A. Danyla-Kernius, B.
Eglinskas-Saulius, M. Smetona-Ripka.
LKA 10-19 VCA
Early 1946
VCA leader D. Vaitelis appoints as adjutants J. Dambrauskas and J. Survila-Sarunas;
command consists of 13 partisan units from district
of Panevezys and 6 from Ukmerge.
LKA 10-12 VCA
Early 1946
LTT decides that VGPVV (Lithuanian armed forces senior leadership) leader should be J.
Noreika (“Generolas Vetra”) [General Storm] and
general secretary should be S. Gorodeckis-Radziunas.
LKA 7-174 VV
February 13, 1946
Failed military mission results in death
of several command post staff including V. Jazokas-
Petraitis, leader of LLA 3rd Northern Command and
Zalioji [Green] special team and Sakalas, leader of
Pilenai group. Command post not re-created.
Special team’s interim leader is J. Skackauskas-
Strausas. Special team’s nucleus (led by P.
Masilaitis-Virpsa) and 25th group (led by V.
Cesnakavicius-Valas) begin to act independently.
LKA 20-19 ÐA
February 15, 1946
J. Bartasiunas, commissar of the
NKVD in the Lithuanian SSR, promises no reprisals
to partisans (which he calls “bandits”) who
surrender voluntarily. Promises they will be issued
with passes and allowed to return to their homes.
Meanwhile, he orders that the bodies of dead
partisans be publicly desecrated.
DP-183, 184, LPK-490, 491 OK
February, 1946 02
Destruction of “Laisves gyneju”
[Defenders of Freedom] special team which had
operated in the Jurbarkas area. It was reformed in
October under the leadership of P. Paulaitis-Barkus
and named Battalion Nr. 8.
LKA 12-15 KA
February, 1946
DKA B special team, led by A. Morkunas
(“Plienas”) [Steel] and command post OIC Sibaila
(“Diedukas”) [Gramps] consisted of 3 battalions:
one led by Petronis (“Audra”) [Storm] in the counties
of Zelva and Moletai; one led by lieutenant K.
Alisauskas-Spartakas in the counties of
Zemaitkiemis, Pabaiska and Sesuoliai; and one led
by warrant officer Balninkai, Kurkliai, and part of
the county of Zelva. Later a new battalion led by S.
Markauskas-Galijotas was established in the
counties of Vepriai and Jonava. In 1946 a 5th
battalion under the leadership of B. Jakubonis
(“Stiklas”) [Glass] was established in the counties of
Taujenai and Kovarskas.
VDr DKA
Late February, 1946
LGPVV leader J. Noreika
(“Generolas Vetra”) [General Storm] issued directive
Nr. 7 to the effect that in the case of more mass
deportations the partisans should organise "suicide
squads" of 3-5 people with the motto "Our lives to
help others"; one such squad of young people in
Vilnius was led by student A. Janulevicius (also
known as “Alfonsas” or “Lapinas” [Fox].
LKA 7-175 VV
February-March, 1946
After the death in December 1945 of
A. Keberza, leader of VA Lokys [Bear] special team,
his place was taken by K. Kaladinskas (known as
“Ersketis” [Blackthorn] or “Sarka” [Magpie], who
united the partisans of the Zarasai district. The
partisans of Rimse and Duksta counties continued
to answer to Tigras [Tiger] special team.
L-299, LKA 16-81, 82 VA
February-March, 1946
3rd Northern Command of LLA ceases
action. 4th LLA Command (“Vytautas Command”)
renamed “3rd LLA Vytautas Command”.
LKA 16-5 VA
March 5, 1946
The “Cold War” starts when Winston Churchill makes speech in US city of Fulton and
warns of USSR’s dangerous policies and "Iron
Curtain" separating East and West. Partisans optimistic.
LKA 7-173 VV
March 15, 1946
LGPVV leader J. Noreika (“Generolas
Vetra”) [General Storm] meets underground leader
of Telsiai district, ZL leader major J. Semaska, and
appoints him leader of Siauliai Command.
LKA 7-173 VV
March, 1946
New partisan unit named after Povilas
Luksys is formed from remaining members of
annihilated “Kovas [Raven] Special Team” in
Kedainiai district. First leader is J. Jasinevicius
(“Margis”) [Dapple]. New leader lieutenant A.
Ragauskas-Ragelis chosen on 28 September.
L-238, 486, LKA 12-10, LKA 22-198 KA
March, 1946
through their agent Kipsas (Devil),
allegedly a representative of the National Committee
in Vilnius, the MGB establish relations with DKA
leader J. Misiunas (Zalias Velnias) [Green Devil].
L-330 OK
March 16, 1946
Arrest of LTT founders J. Noreika, S. Gorodeckis and O. Poskiene; betrayed by O.
Poðkienë’s friend poet V. Valsiuniene, MGB agent
“Oras” [Weather] or “Agnesë”. More LTT members,
including author K. Boruta, later arrested in O.
Poskiene’s flat in Vilnius. LTT destroyed.
L-129, 264, LKA 7-176, 177, LKA 8-58, LKA 17-225 VV
March 24, 1946
Death of DKA chief of staff A. Zepkus
(Piliakalnis) [Castle Hill], replaced by B. Trakimas
(Genelis) [Little Woodpecker].
L-330, 493 DKA
April 5, 1946
TA leader Z. Drunga (Mykolas Jonas)
[Michael John] issued decree Nr. 11 which created
awards for distinguished service of partisans:
ribbons for bravery, diligence, and for civilians
assisting partisans. V. Navickas (Auksutis) [Goldie],
leader of Perkunas [Thunder] special team
appointed interim second-in-command.
L-479, LKA 3-25, 27 TA
April 9, 1946
Meeting of leaders of Tauras [Aurochs]
and A Command near the village of Ricieliai, Seirijai
county, Alytus district. Formation of PLP (Partisans
of Southern Lithuania) command post,
led by J. Vitkus (Kazimieraitis) [Son of Kazimieras],
assisted by. Z. Drunga (Mykolas Jonas) [Michael John].
Operational section headed by S. Staniskis (Antanaitis) [son of Anthony];
A. Kulikauskas (Daktaras) [Doctor] appointed interim director of
information section.
PLP command post was intended to be supreme command post of all
Lithuanian partisans. Dzûkai special team was to
be incorporated into Tauras [Aurochs] and A commands.
L-150, 196, 477, 483, LKA 1-10, 11, LK-247, 248 PL
April 10, 1946
Death of 10 partisans of VCA group of
J. Survila-Sarunas in battle with NKVD troops near
the village of Varzai, Taujenai county, Ukmerge district.
L-492, LKA10-12 VCA
April 13, 1946
Meeting of Lydis (Pike) special team in
the forest of Pavidauja, district of Taurage.
Participation of 4 partisan units and command post
staff members H. Danilevicius (Vidmantas), J.
Zickus (Viksva), J. Kasperavicius (Silas) [Pine
Forest]; consideration of possibility of forming a new command.
L-238 KA
April, 1946
Zaibas [Lightning] command formed in
southern Zemaitija (Samogitia) under the leadership of J.
Zemaitis. Unification of separate partisan units
commenced, culminates in the formation in autumn
of the JKA (Joint Kæstutis Command).
L-237 KA
April, 1946
Arrest of 32 ZL leaders and signalmen J.
Semaska (Liepa) [Linden], V. Kucinskas (Ipras) and
others.
L-487, LKA7-3 ZA
April 19, 1946
Death of TA Zalgiris [Grünwald] Special
Team leader J. Kleiza (Zalvaris) [Bronze] in a battle
in the village of Katinai, Jankai county, district of
Sakiai. New leader J. Ilgunas (Sarunas).
LBD-183, LKA3-25 TA
April 23, 1946
PLP general staff meeting accepts Declaration on Lithuanian Partisans, which
includes principles of how Lithuania’s nationhood
should be restored. Dzukai Special Team assigned
to A Command; Sarunas Special Team removed
from A Command and transferred to Tauras
(Aurochs) Command. D. Jecys (Azuolis) [Oak] given
charge of A Command, remains leader of Dzukai Special Team.
KDK, L-150, 196, LK-249, LKA2-50, LPK-681 PL, DA, TA
May 2, 1946
J. Deksnys (“Alfonsas” or “Hektoras”)
and V. Staneika (“Andrius” or “Meskis”) travel from
Germany to Lithuania without authorisation from
VLIK to suggest to the partisans that they create
VLAK (Supreme Lithuanian Restoration Committee)
as their centre of political leadership and BDPS
(General Democratic Resistance Union) as their
centre of military leadership. They told the
Lithuanians that this was the will of the free world,
while telling the West that this was the wish of the
Lithuanian freedom fighters.
DP-548 VV
May 7, 1946
DKA leader J. Misiunas (Zalias Velnias -
Green Devil) falls victim to Soviet disinformation
and mistakenly contacts spurious Cheka-controlled
“partisan command centre" in Vilnius asking them
to send him a commanding officer and chief of
command post staff. On 18 May MGB sends agent
Gediminas (Margis - Dapple] (also known as
kapitonas Grieztas – Captain Severe). His true
identity may have been J. Stravinskas, a former
military service colleague of J. Misiunas.
L-331 DKA
May 15, 1946
(1946 06) D. Jecys (Azuolis) [Oak] takes
charge of A Command, changes its name to Dainava
Command. It consists of about 300 fighters in 3
teams: Dzuku (led by D. Jecys), Merkys (A.
Ramanauskas) and Gelezinis Vilkas [Iron Wolf] (V.
Kukë – also known as Aitvaras [Goblin] or Silas [Pine Forest]).
L-150, 197, (KDK) DA
May, 1946
J. Markulis (MGB undercover agent
Azuolas [Oak] – but known as Erelis [Eagle] to the
partisans) makes contact with DKA in the name of
the spurious “underground resistance centre”, and
through it with TA and DA command posts. Thus
begins the MGB infiltration and beginning of their
influence over the leaders of the partisans.
L-131, 331 OK
May 19, 1946
In accordance with order Nr. 2-19
Soviet secret agents acting in the name of the
spurious “underground resistance centre” appoint
kapitonas Grieztas – Captain Severe (MGB agent
Gediminas) interim leader of DKA. J. Misiunas
stays on as his adjutant.
L-331, LKA11-36, LPK-511 DKA, OK
May 25, 1946
ZL order Nr. 10 proclaims new ZL
resistance movement structure effective from 1946
04 17: ZA (Zemaitija Command) leader is F. Asoklis
(Vilkas - Wolf); command post chief of staff is A.
Ruzgys (Margis) [Dapple]; propaganda chief is B.
Staliuniene (Vysnia - Cherry Tree). The Command
consisted of special teams from Telsiai district
(Ðatrija Special Team); Mazeikiai district (Alka
Special Team); and Kretinga district (Kardas [Sword]
Special Team).
L-264, 487, LKA7-3 ZA
May 28, 1946
PLP command post 2IC Z. Drunga
(Mykolas Jonas) [Michael John] meets with J.
Markulis (Erelis) [Eagle], a representative of
"Aukðtaiciu partizanu ir Vienybes komiteto"
[Highlands Partisan Unity Committee].
Discussions about possibility of forming a common
partisan leadership and establishing links with
Zemaitijan (Samogitian) partisans. Meeting attended by J.
Stravinskas (Ziedas) [Bud], leader of TA Gelezinis
Vilkas (Iron Wolf) Special Team; also J. Luksa
(Vytis), K. Pyplys (Mazytis) [Littlie] and others.
L-151, LK-101, 250, LKA1-16, LPK-524 VV
May 31, 1946
TA leader Z. Drunga (Mykolas Jonas)
[Michael John] meets with visitors from abroad J.
Deksnys (Alfonsas) and V. Staneika (Andrius), who
encourage the earliest possible creation of a
Supreme Partisan Leadership.
L-151, LK-101, 252, 253 VV
June 3, 1946
Meeting of TA (Tauras Command)
special team leaders in Skaisciunai village of
Marijampolë district. Participants:
Tauras Command leader Z. Drunga (Mykolas Jonas)
[Michael John];
adjutant J. Pileckis-Sarunas; Fr J.
Lelesius (Krivaitis); editor of "Laisves zvalgas"
[Freedom Herald],
A. Baltusis (Zvejys) [Fisherman];
leader of Vytautas Special Command,
Special Team
leader V. Gavenas (Vampyras) [Vampire];
leader of
Gelezinis Vilkas (Iron Wolf), J. Stravinskas (Ziedas)
[Bud]; leader of Gediminas, V. Navickas (Auksutis)
[Goldie]; leader of Zalgiris (Grünwald), J. Ilgunas
(Sarunas) and others. Decision to arrange training
courses for leading administrators; motion to
establish a civilian political party for partisans
(Lietuvos demokratu partija) [Lithuanian Democrats’
Party] to enable the partisans, once independence is
regained, to participate in the political life of the
country; operational territory of special teams redefined.
A. Baltusis appointed chief of staff of command post,
V. Navickas his deputy.
J. Luksa (Vytis) appointed editor of "Laisves zvalgas"
(“Freedom Herald);
V. Stepulevicius (Mindaugas) appointed leader of Gediminas Special Team.
L-163, LBD-43, LK95-109, LKA3-25, LKA1-12 TA
June 4, 1946
Partisans of TA (Tauras Command)
ambush and kill about 20 stribai and communist
activists in the village of Grybine, near Sunskai in
the district of Marijampole.
L-169, AKL-37 TA
June 6, 1946
LSSR NKGB-NKVD Colonel Nesidov of
the Kaunas operational sector writes: "comrade
Berija [...] has assigned us the task of smashing
Lithuanian bandit groups [...] and cleansing
Lithuania of anti-Soviet nationalist elements within
2-3 weeks".
LKA11-103
June 6, 1946
Meeting at TA (Tauras Command)
Gelezinis Vilkas (Iron Wolf) command post.
Participants: J. Luksa, A. Varkala (Zaliukas)
[Greenie], J. Markulis, J. Deksnys, V. Staneika.
Formation of VLAK and BDPS. Decision to form
VGPS (Vyriausiasis ginkluotuju pajegu stabas)
[Supreme Armed Forces Headquarters] from
representatives of armed partisans. At the
suggestion of J. Deksnys it is agreed that until the
final formation of VLAK a “Unity Committee” under
the leadership of J. Markulis should perform the
required tasks. Thus did MGB agent J. Markulis
become de facto leader of the resistance movement,
and unknown to J. Deksnys, his activities were
controlled by the MGB.
L-131, LK-254, LKA11-37, LPK-524 VV
June 9, 1946
Death of J. Stravinskas (known as
“Ziedas” [Bud] or “Kardas” [Sword]), who had been
leader of TA (Tauras Command) Gelezinis Vilkas
(Iron Wolf) Special Team since September 1945.
With him perished six partisans in a skirmish in the
grove of Pagraizis, Ðilavotas county, Marijampole district.
LBD-190, LK-625 TA
June 12, 1946
PLP operation “Hit the spies”. In one
night several dozen spies were destroyed; the huts
of fugitive communists, including that of the
president of the Merkine branch of the party, were
torched.
RD-229 PL
June 12, 1946
PLP command post adjutant and
Tauras Command leader Z. Drunga (Mykolas Jonas)
[Michael John] killed in a battle with NKVD troops
in the forest of Agurkiske, Luksiai county, district of
Sakiai, as he was on his way to Zemaitija. Also
killed were the adjutant of Zalgiris Special Team
and 4 partisans; 13 NKVD men were killed. V.
Navickas (Auksutis) [Goldie] becomes interim leader of TA.
L-152, 479, LBD-186, 194, LK-111, 607, LKA3-26 TA
June 13, 1946
Upon the death of the leader of the
Vaidotas group of Dzukai Special team, K. Degutis
(Raginis), in the forest of Balbieriskis, Marijampole
district, new leader is J. Petraska (also known as
Patrimpas or Lapaitis [Foxie]).
LKA9-90 DA
June, 1946
On the orders of P. Zinkevicius, interim
leader of VA, the Liutas (Lion) Special Team was
formed from the remnants of the Sarunas Special
Team. The command post staff structure was
decided by July: leader V. Pakstas (Naras,
Vaidotas); deputy B. Kalytis (Siaubas) [Terror],
former leader of Kestutis company. Area of
operation: district of Utena and parts of districts of
Svencionys, Zarasai, Rokiskis. Newsletter "Laisves
sauklys" (“Freedom Herald”) published.
L-299, 490, LKA16-32, 121, 125 VA
Summer of 1946
J. Vasiliauskas (Skydas [Shield],
Algimantas) appointed chairman of TA (Tauras
Command) court martial tribunal. LBD-193 TA
? 1946 06 21 As part of a misinformation initiative
MGB agent Kipsas (Devil) gave J. Misiunas (Zalias
Velnias) [Green Devil] 15 copies of the newspaper
"Vienybe" (Unity), which had been published by the
MGB as an alleged "underground journal" with the
help of collaborators in DKA (Great Battle Command).
This ruse deceived J. Misiunas into thinking that
Kipsas represented a bona fide partisan
organisation. At that time DKA had 2 086
members, of which 836 were partisans.
L-327, 331, LPK-510 DKA
July 2, 1946 (12) (17)
PLP (South Lithuanian Partisans)
leader Lieutenant Colonel Juozas Vitkus
(Kazimieraitis) [son of Kazimieras] unexpectedly
encounters NKVD troops at Zaliamiskis, near the
village of Liepiskiai, Leipalingis county, Lazdijai
district; kills 2 enemy soldiers, is himself heavily
injured and dies on the way to Leipalingis. Interim
leader is command post chief S. Staniskis
(Antanaitis) [son of Anthony].
L-152, 483, LBD-190, LK-601, (L-477, LPK-681, RD-236), (KDK) PL
July 4, 1946
At a meeting of TA (Tauras Command)
leaders A. Baltusis (Zvejys) [Fisherman] is appointed
Commander. J. Jasulaitis (Kazokas) [Cossack] is
appointed leader of Gelezinis Vilkas (Iron Wolf)
Special Team; however, he failed to perform his
duties and at the end of October A. Varkala
(Zaliukas, Daumantas) was appointed leader.
L-166, 479, LK -110, LKA3-27 TA
July 5-6, 1946
TA (Tauras Command) leader A.
Baltusis (Zvejys) [Fisherman] issues orders Nr. 23
and Nr. 24 proclaiming that the freedom fighters
constitute a military organisation and therefore its
members are bound by military discipline, and are
required to respect their leaders and unhesitatingly
carry out their orders; the partisans are to wear
Lithuanian Army uniforms with insignia showing their rank.
L-167, 479, LK-111, LKA3-29 TA
July 6, 1946 07 06
Battle of Pyragiai forest in the district
of Raseiniai: NKVD troops attack the fortified camp
of Zebenkstis Special Team, which had 27 bunkers.
One partisan killed in the 3-hour battle; the
partisans retreat. L-86 KA
July 24, 1946 07 24
Through MGB agents Kipsas (Devil)
and Kibirkðtis (Spark) DKA (Great Battle Command)
leader J. Misiunas (Zalias Velnias) [Green Devil]
gives kapitonas Grieztas (Captain Severe)
information about the Command’s leadership and
the composition and weaponry of A and B special
teams. Acting on this information MVD troops
begin a mass search for partisans.
L-332 DKA
August 12, 1946
At the request of J. Deksnys, MGB
agent J. Markulis calls a meeting of representatives
of all the Commands of the Lithuanian partisans.
Meeting takes place in Vilnius, in a flat owned by
the MGB. VGPS is formed, consisting of 2
representatives of each partisan region and also
individuals recommended by BDPS. Hence the
VGPÐ was effectively under the control of BDPS.
L-131, 332, LKA3-50, LKA8-64, LKA11-37, LPK-528 OK, VV
August 12-13, 1946
Military Court in Vilnius sentences
19 members of youth groups for having participated
in the underground resistance movement at the
behest of LTT (Lithuanian National Council).
LKA7-206, 207 VV
August 13, 1946 08 13
At the insistence of DKA leader
“kapitonas Grieztas” (Captain Severe) J. Misiunas
(Zalias Velnias) [Green Devil] comes to Vilnius to
attend a meeting of partisan command leaders
organised by J. Markulis. The next day (14 June)
J. Misiunas is arrested and later killed.
L-332, LK-625, LKA8-60, LKA11-37, LPK-720 DKA
August 15, 1946
TA (Tauras Command) leadership
accepts "Drausmes nuostatai" (Code of Discipline)
for Lithuanian Freedom Fighters.
LK-149 TA
August, 1946
Zebenkstis Special Team, operating in
Raseiniai district, is renamed Sernas (Wild Boar)
Special Team; after leading it for only 20 days
A. Zaskevicius (Salna) [Frost] leaves to take up a job
in Vilnius in the administration of the BDPS set up
by J. Markulis. In September command of the
Special Team is taken over by J. Zemaitis; in
November he renames it “Volunteer Special Time”
for the purpose of dissimulation.
L-238, 486, LKA12-11 KA
August 23, 1946
DA (Daina Command) Gelezinis Vilkas
(Iron Wolf) special team disbanded; its operational
territory is assigned to Dzukai and Merkys Special Teams.
L-201, 483, KDK DA
August 25, 1946
On the orders of P. Zinkevicius, interim
leader of VA (Vytautas Command), the leader of
Liûtas (Lion) Special Team, V. Pakstas (Vaidotas) is
appointed Deputy Commander; new leader of Liutas
Special Team is V. Kaulinis (Miskinis) [Bushman],
former leader of Gediminas Company.
L-299, 490, LKA 16-36, LPK-681 VA
September 1, 1946
TA (Tauras Command) leader A.
Baltusis (Zvejys) [Fisherman] order team leaders to
keep a record of atrocities committed by the Soviet
invaders against the people of Lithuania.
LK-558 TA
September, 1946
Formal presentation ceremony of service
medals to partisans of Vytautas Special Team takes
place in village of Ungurine, Liudvinavas county,
district of Marijampole.
LKA3-29 TA
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